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CAGR Calculator | Compound Annual Growth Rate

The CAGR Calculator helps you determine the Compound Annual Growth Rate for an investment over a specific period. It provides a smoothed annual rate of return, assuming profits are reinvested at the end of each period, making it ideal for comparing different investments or evaluating performance over time.

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FAQ

What is CAGR?
CAGR stands for Compound Annual Growth Rate. It represents the mean annual growth rate of an investment over a specified period longer than one year, assuming the profits are reinvested at the end of each period. It smooths out volatile returns to provide a single, representative growth figure.
How is CAGR different from simple annual growth?
Simple annual growth shows the year-over-year percentage change, which can be highly volatile. CAGR provides a hypothetical constant rate that would lead to the final investment value from the initial value, assuming compounding. It's a 'smoothed' rate that makes long-term comparisons easier by ignoring year-to-year fluctuations.
Why should I use a CAGR calculator?
This calculator helps you quickly and accurately determine the CAGR for your investments, business growth, or any metric that grows over time. It's essential for comparing the performance of different investments, evaluating the success of a business strategy, or projecting future growth based on historical data, all without complex manual calculations.
What are the limitations of CAGR?
CAGR has several limitations. It assumes a smooth growth path, ignoring actual year-to-year volatility. Crucially, it does not account for intermediate deposits or withdrawals during the investment period. For scenarios with cash flows, metrics like Internal Rate of Return (IRR) might be more appropriate. Additionally, historical CAGR is not a guarantee of future performance.
Can CAGR be negative?
Yes, CAGR can be negative if the final value of your investment is less than its initial value after the specified period. A negative CAGR indicates an overall loss over the investment horizon.
Does CAGR account for interim deposits or withdrawals?
No, the standard CAGR calculation only considers the initial and final values of an investment over a period. It does not factor in any additional contributions or withdrawals made during that time. If you need to account for such cash flows, you might look into the Internal Rate of Return (IRR).
What kind of investments is CAGR typically used for?
CAGR is widely used for various financial analyses, including evaluating the performance of mutual funds, stocks, bonds, real estate, and entire investment portfolios. It's also applied to non-financial metrics like sales growth, market share, or customer base expansion in business analysis.
Is CAGR the same as IRR (Internal Rate of Return)?
No, while both are measures of investment return, they are not the same. CAGR calculates the smoothed annual growth between an initial and final value over a period. IRR, on the other hand, calculates the discount rate that makes the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows (initial investment, interim deposits/withdrawals, and final value) from a particular project or investment equal to zero. IRR is more complex and accounts for the timing and amount of all cash flows.

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Why use this cagr-calculator?

The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is a powerful metric that transcends simple year-over-year percentage changes. It provides a smoothed, annualized rate of return for an investment over a specific period, assuming that profits are reinvested at the end of each year. This calculator is your essential tool for deciphering the true performance of your financial ventures. Unlike volatile annual growth rates, which can fluctuate wildly from one year to the next, CAGR offers a consistent, easily understandable figure. This makes it invaluable for several critical reasons: 1. **Investment Comparison:** If you're weighing the performance of different stocks, mutual funds, or real estate investments that have run for varying timeframes, CAGR allows for an 'apples-to-apples' comparison by normalizing their growth to an annual rate. 2. **Performance Evaluation:** Beyond personal investments, businesses use CAGR to track the growth of their revenues, profits, customer base, or market share over a period. It paints a clear picture of sustained growth rather than just snapshot moments. 3. **Forecasting and Goal Setting:** While past performance doesn't guarantee future results, historical CAGR can serve as a reasonable baseline for projecting potential future growth and setting realistic financial goals. 4. **Simplicity in Complexity:** The concept of compounding can be intricate, but CAGR distills it into a single, intuitive percentage. This calculator automates the complex mathematical steps, providing you with instant, accurate insights without the need for manual calculations or elaborate spreadsheets. Leverage this tool to gain clarity on your investment growth and make more informed financial decisions.

How the calculation works

The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) calculation is a straightforward yet powerful formula that annualizes the total growth of an investment over multiple periods. The core formula is: **CAGR = ((Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1 / Number of Years)) - 1** Let's break down each component of this formula to understand how it works: * **Ending Value:** This is the final value of your investment, asset, or metric at the end of the specified period. It's the destination point of your growth journey. * **Beginning Value:** This is the initial value of your investment, asset, or metric at the start of the period. It's your starting point. * **Number of Years:** This represents the total duration of the investment or analysis period, expressed in years. It's the length of your growth journey. * **^(1 / Number of Years):** This part of the formula is crucial. It annualizes the total growth factor. By raising the ratio of ending to beginning value to the power of one divided by the number of years, we effectively calculate the average geometric mean rate of return per year. * **- 1:** Subtracting 1 converts the growth factor into a percentage. For example, if the result before subtracting 1 is 1.10, it means a 10% growth (1.10 - 1 = 0.10, or 10%). **Let's illustrate with an example:** Suppose you invested $10,000 five years ago, and today its value is $16,105.10. * Beginning Value = $10,000 * Ending Value = $16,105.10 * Number of Years = 5 Applying the formula: CAGR = (($16,105.10 / $10,000)^(1 / 5)) - 1 CAGR = (1.61051^0.2) - 1 CAGR = 1.10 - 1 CAGR = 0.10 or 10% This means your investment grew at a compounded annual rate of 10% over five years. Our CAGR calculator automates this entire process, handling the complex exponentiation and providing you with the CAGR, total absolute growth, and total percentage growth instantly. It ensures accuracy and saves you the effort of manual calculation, allowing you to focus on interpreting the results.

Common mistakes in cagr-calculator

While the CAGR calculator is an indispensable tool, it's essential to be aware of common pitfalls and misunderstandings to ensure you interpret the results correctly. Avoiding these mistakes will lead to more accurate financial analysis: 1. **Ignoring Interim Cash Flows:** This is perhaps the most significant limitation. Standard CAGR only considers the initial and final values. It does not account for any additional investments (deposits) or withdrawals made during the period. If your investment has multiple cash inflows or outflows, CAGR will provide a skewed view. For such scenarios, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) might be a more appropriate metric. 2. **Assuming Smooth Growth:** CAGR presents a 'smoothed' annual growth rate. It hides the volatility and year-to-year fluctuations that actually occurred. An investment might have experienced significant ups and downs, even losses in certain years, but still show a positive CAGR overall. Always remember that CAGR is a hypothetical constant rate, not the actual year-by-year performance. 3. **Using Incorrect Beginning or Ending Values:** Accuracy is paramount. Ensure that your initial investment and final investment figures are correct and represent the true market value at the start and end of your chosen period. Errors in these inputs will directly lead to incorrect CAGR results. 4. **Incorrect Number of Years:** The 'Number of Years' must precisely reflect the duration between your beginning and ending values. Miscounting years or using an inappropriate time frame will distort the calculation. For periods involving months, you might need to use fractional years (e.g., 3.5 years). 5. **Applying CAGR for Forecasting Blindly:** Historical CAGR is a backward-looking metric. While it can inform future projections, relying solely on past CAGR as a guaranteed indicator of future performance is a common and dangerous mistake. Market conditions change, and past results are not indicative of future returns. 6. **Misinterpreting Negative Initial Investments:** As handled by this calculator's formula, a negative initial investment can make CAGR mathematically undefined or financially meaningless in most practical contexts. It's crucial to understand when the metric is applicable. By understanding these common mistakes and the inherent limitations of CAGR, you can use this powerful calculator more effectively, gaining valuable insights without misinterpreting your investment or business performance.

Data Privacy & Security

In an era where digital privacy is paramount, we have designed this tool with a 'privacy-first' architecture. Unlike many online calculators that send your data to remote servers for processing, our tool executes all mathematical logic directly within your browser. This means your sensitive inputs—whether financial, medical, or personal—never leave your device. You can use this tool with complete confidence, knowing that your data remains under your sole control.

Accuracy and Methodology

Our tools are built upon verified mathematical models and industry-standard formulas. We regularly audit our calculation logic against authoritative sources to ensure precision. However, it is important to remember that automated tools are designed to provide estimates and projections based on the inputs provided. Real-world scenarios can be complex, involving variables that a general-purpose calculator may not fully capture. Therefore, we recommend using these results as a starting point for further analysis or consultation with qualified professionals.

Fact-checked and reviewed by CalcPanda Editorial Team
Last updated: January 2026
References: WHO Guidelines on BMI, World Bank Financial Standards, ISO Calculation Protocols.
CAGR Calculator - Compute Your Compound Annual Growth Rate